Difference Between Data Warehousing And Data Mining Information Technology Essay

Difference Between Data Warehousing And Data Mining Information Technology Essay The information systems (IS) field is terms of key development can be called data warehousing in database environtment. Different organizations receiving different significant returns than others because its benefits are plentiful. The organization will have different types of returns in the impact of data warehousing . Each company can be tie the benefit to the way in which it conforms to the framework as it shows in the analysis . We will see how dan organization can be transformed by data warehouse, Analysis also showing the explaination of differences in impact. A large manufacturing company (LMC) involving case study of data warehousing, a financial services company (FSC) are presented and discussed within the context of the framework and the Internal Revenue Service. Keywords : Multidimensional modelling; Conceptual modelling; Time-series; Data warehouses; Data-mining Introduction Data warehouses are becoming part of the technology. Data warehouses are used to consolidate data located in disparate databases. A data warehouse stores large quantities of data by specific categories so it can be more easily retrieved, interpreted, and sorted by users. Warehouses enable executives and managers to work with vast stores of transactional or other data to respond faster to markets and make more informed business decisions. It has been predicted that every business will have a data warehouse within ten years. But merely storing data in a data warehouse does a company little good. Companies will want to learn more about that data to improve knowledge of customers and markets. The company benefits when meaningful trends and patterns are extracted from the data. Data mining, or knowledge discovery, is the computer-assisted process of digging through and analyzing enormous sets of data and then extracting the meaning of the data. Data mining tools predict behaviors and futu re trends, allowing businesses to make proactive, knowledge-driven decisions. Data mining tools can answer business questions that traditionally were too time consuming to resolve. They scour databases for hidden patterns, finding predictive information that experts may miss because it lies outside their expectations. Data mining derives its name from the similarities between searching for valuable information in a large database and mining a mountain for a vein of valuable ore. Both processes require either sifting through an immense amount of material, or intelligently probing it to find where the value resides. What is Data Warehousing Data warehousing is a collection of decision support technologies that enable the knowledge worker, the statistician, the business manager and theexecutive in processing the information contained in a data warehouse meaningfully and make well informed decisions based on outputs. The Data warehousing system includes backend tools for extracting, cleaning and loading data from Online Transaction Processing (OLTP) Databases and historical repositories of data. It also consists of the Data storage areacomposed of the Data warehouse, the data marts and the Data store. It also provides for tools like OLAP for organizing, partitioning and summarizing data in the data warehouse and data marts and finally contains front end tools for mining, quering, reporting on data. It is important to distinguish between a Data warehouse and Data warehousing. A Data warehouse is a component of the data warehousing system. It is a facility that provides for a consolidated, flexible and accessible collection of data for end user reporting and analysis. A data warehouse has been defined by Inmom (considered one of the founders of the Data warehouse concept) as a subject-oriented, integrated, time-varying, non-volatile collection of data that is primarily used in organizational decision making. The data in a data warehouse is categorized on the basis of the subject area and hence it is subject oriented Universal naming conventions, measurements, classifications and so on used in the data warehouse, provide an enterprise consolidated view of data and therefore it is designated as integrated. The data once loaded can only be read. Users cannot make changes to the data and this makes it non-volatile. Finally data is stored for long periods of time quantified in years and bears a time and date stamp and therefore it is described as time variant. The format of data collected are not always the same eventhough each of these systems collect data . So, the combination of all these data from all sorts sources that combined together to form a single data and the combination of database forming a single homogenous form is what we called data warehousing. The data is not only subject-oriented and integrated but also time-variant and non-volatile collection of data to support management in making decision. 1) Time-variant that In order to make the reports that go in propotional with time , the data ware house that has been changed should be tracked and recorded. 2) Non-volatile Data warehouse is never deleted, so that data is read only and static and will be used for future reporting 3) Integrated Data is consistence and is representing all operational system. Data management and data retrieval are the proess that can define data warehousing. An organizations can integrate their various databases into data warehouses using process different capabilities and culturesThe idea of maintaining central data is brought by data warehouse. Although the concept itself has been around for years, like data mining data warehousing, is a relatively new term. Data Warehouse Design There are two different ways of Data Warehouse design; Ralph Kimball and Bill Inmons model. In Inmons architecture, before data being transferred to the data marts, data from OLTP database is firstly stored in a warehouse. In Inmons model view,tThe data warehouse is a real database. Kimballs architecture using OLTP database shows that data is transferrefed directly to the data mart. Based on the picture above, a collection of integrated data marts will form the data warehouse. What is Data Mining? Data or knowledge discovery or generally called Data mining. It is the process of getting data from different resources and turn them into information that can be useful for organization One example of tools to analyze is analyzing data using data mining software. Data from many different sources and with different uses and characters will be analyze by users. So, technically, data mining the process of finding correlations of fields in large relational databases. In general, data mining is the process of making data usefull after analyze it from different kind of information environment and turn into vary kind of useful information. . Data from many different dimensions or angles can be analyzed by users and then be summarized into the relationships . On the other hand, the process of finding or different in data mining is not an easy process and do need different process and analyze. There are five major elements in data mining : Data can be presented in graph or table and other formats. Data transaction is loaded onto the data warehouse system. Data is stored and managed in a multidimensional database system. Application software can be used to analyze and intrepenting data Information professinals especially who are involve in business world can access the provided data. Continuous Innovation The technology is not new nowdays eventhough data mining is a quite new. Take this case for example, One Midwest grecory is using Oracle software to look and search about the buying patterns of local. It has been discovered that whenever men bought cigarettes on Saturdays and Thursdays, they also want to buy beer. Then it also showed that Saturday is the day when these shoppers typically did their weekly grocery. However, they only bought a few items on Saturdays. It is concluded by the retailer that the reason they purchased the beer is to have it for the weekends ahead.. Furthermore, they have to make sure that the price are full for cigarettes and beer on Thursdays. What can data mining do? Here are the focus among a costumers retail, financial, communication, and marketing organizations which are data mining that been used by a company especially for the basic data. Product, the condition of product and the day of business can be some internal factors for this. Other than that the perfomance on sales, customer rights satisfaction, also profits for organizations can also determined by companies. Finally, transactional data can be viewed with details from the summary information. The development of products and promotion is also important to appeal to specific customer segments by getting demographic data from comments or even warranty cards provided by company. In order to transform supplier relationships. Applications of Data Mining The basic of data mining has been involved in many fields such as business, scientific research, banking sector and many more . All of these fields have been using data mining. Now its use is easier compare to what it was.. These tools can be used practically to carry out complex data mining techniques and get ease with it.. In order to do improve marketing field of and organization and try to understand its clients buying patterns, Data Mining is used by businesses. Data mining is used more widely than ever before because of expanding variety of tools and softwares in new era like it is today.. Intelligence agencies like FBI and CIA also use data mining for identifying terrorisms threats or even after the incident of 9/11 in America. It is really important to uncover terrorist plots. However the people concerned as data collected for such works will invade many peoples privacy.. Banking sector also using data mining for credit card problem detection and anything relation to credit c ard crime as what is happening now days. . It is also can reduce the risk of any credit card problem among their customers, especially to identify potetntial costumers and to state wether loan can be able to approve to any customers. Steps of Data Mining From the picture, we can see the step of data mining Data Integration: All the different sources contribute data which are collected and integrated. Data Selection: We have to select data and make sure that it is usefull for data mining. Data Cleaning: The data collected may not all correct and need to be checked again before being used to avoid data errors and uncertain problem. Data Transformation: Eventhough the data has been cleaned, to have data ready for mining, we still have to do something and transform data into the right form so that mining process will not be any problem. Many techniques can be used to complete data transformation suck as like smoothing, aggregation, normalization techniques. Data Mining: Techniques like clustering and association analysis are used among the many different techniques used for data mining only when we are ready to apply data mining techniques on the data to discover the interesting patterns. Pattern Evaluation and Knowledge Presentation: Transformation, visualization, removing redundant patterns are steps from the patterns we have generated. Decisions / Use of Discovered Knowledge. In order to make use of the knowledge which acquired to take better decisions, this step helps. Difference between Data Warehousing and Data Mining Data warehousing can be define as the inntegration and combination of data from different sources and various of format into a single form or a single schema. Huge amount of data can be provided by data warehousing with a storage mechanism. Meanwhile, The Enterprise has been provided with a memory by Data Warehousing and intelligenge is provided by data mining . So, the discovery of useful patterns can be done using the of data mining techniques on the data warehouse. Data Mining Tools In order to build companys own custom mining solution, they have to purchase mining programs. This program is designed for existing software and hardware platforms and the program can be integrated into new products and systems. For example in order to give the mined data more value, the organization has to determine data mining output into another output such as ware house as a neural network which is said quite common . This is because, , the data mining tool will gather the data if the other program makes decisions based on the data that has been collected. In the market place they are a lot of data minings that come in different model and tools or tecniques. Each with their own strengths and weaknesses. A right kind of data mining is really important to any organization because if the organization buys a wrong data mining and its nothing to do with their business goal, data mining will be useless. This is a really important consider especially for organizations which are going to expand. These three categories are the classification of most data mining tools: Dashboards. Is used to monitor information in a database and is installed in computer, dashboards reflect updates onscreen and data changes always wether in charts or in tables so that the user can see how the business is performing and working. Traditional Data Mining Tools. Data mining programs will be used in organization and the effect of it will be securely seen.. In order to monitor the data and highlight trends and others capture information residing outside a database. You can even see some of thiese tools on the desktop. Text-mining Tools. The ability to work as PDF and ability to analyze data and can be used in various kind of data processing from hard text to simple words. These tools can be used to scan content. There are a lot of unstructured scanned content for example information is scattered almost randomly across the document, audio or video data or internet based data or structured for example the datas form and purpose is known, we can say database content.. A wealth of information can be provided for organizations by capturing these inputs that can be mined to discover all kinds of concepts and trends or any other data processing in another environment. The Benefits of Data mining/ Data warehouse To Organization. By using Data warehouses business executives can look at the company as a whole unit. There must be reasons on spending so much money by many corporations to implement data instead of looking at an organization in terms of the departments that it comprises. . Data warehouses also use their ability to handle a lot of tasks in an organization involving many different departments. In order to make sure that every transaction will be made in certain time frame, the good transaction system will be set up by every organization The biggest problem with report and queries is the transaction can not be made in time frame and then will be late to be compiled. On top of that and in order to overcome the problem, many companies are working to come out with a good data warehouse and hopefully can be able to settle down any problems regarding transactions. Another benefit from data warehouse is the uses of data model for any queries regarding transactions and the outcome is really convincing.. Models for queries are really important especially to come out with good reports. Eventhough transaction processing system doesnt really need this but the implementing of a good model can help the company. Anyway, wrong modeling methods can slow down the process of transactions. Eventhough transaction process has to be at speed by the server units, but at the same time, they will slow down the process of query. Queries of data can be made using data ware house and this is one of the reason why it is very efficient. Anyway, a big number of transaction system can lead to big transaction system. So, the company always has to get ready to come out with different data warehouse or even worse, different models of processing. The combination of every departments in a company is really important in order to overcome any problems regarding processing and transaction of data. The Benefits of Data Mining Data mining allows companies to exploit information and use this to obtain competitiveadvantage. Data mining helps identify trends such as: why customers buy certain products ideas for very direct marketing ideas for shelf placement training of employees vs. employee retention employee benefits vs. employee retention Conclusion In order to discover trends and patterns in temporary data, we use time-series analysis as a powerful technique . Not only their management is expensive but these data also are also low-level of abstraction. Two main problems are always been faced by most analyst. First, to clean of the huge amount of potentially-analysable data and second to correct the definition of the data-mining algorithms to be employed. Data warehouses has been proved to be a powerful repository of historical data since their appearance especially for data-mining . In addition, their modelling paradigm for example multidimensional modelling, is not any different to the problem domain. Anyway, a coherent conceptual modelling framework for data-mining assures is believed as a better and easier knowledge-discovery process on top rank of data warehouses.

A Fishbone Diagram

A fishbone diagram, also known as a â€Å"cause and effect† diagram is a problem solving technique used in project management. It has also been referred to as an Ishikawa diagram after a Japanese professor; Kaoru Ishikawa. Problems arising in projects usually have many causes and in some cases, these problems may be interrelated and complex. A fishbone diagram is thus a useful tool that diagrammatically enumerates these problems aiding in their solution.Due to its diagrammatic nature, it is possible to view at a single glance the elements surrounding the project and thus identify all the problem areas and hence work on their solution in and easier manner. This is a major advantage of this technique. Additionally, it facilitates an in-depth analysis of problems by splitting them into causes and sub-causes. This again ensures a more efficient and effective approach to problem solution.It is also extremely easy to use and this poses as an important advantage over other management tools. To make a fishbone diagram, one draws a horizontal line pointing to the problem whose solution is desired. Secondly the causes of this are identified and indicated by backward sloping lines along the first line, called ‘bones’. Sub-causes of the problem are usually then identified and put as sub-branches. Lastly, a fishbone diagram has been said to facilitate brainstorming.To come up with the ‘bones’ discussed above, the project management committee needs to think and rethink the causes leading up to the effect. An example of the use of a fishbone diagram can be a project to increase sales by a particular firm. The â€Å"causes† here thus ‘bones’ would then be constituted by such items such as pricing, advertisement, market, branding, product features, etc. All in all, it is agreed that this is an effective tool which every project manager should equipped with.

Basic Information About Adult Education

With so  many adults  returning to the classroom, the term adult education has taken on new meanings. Adult education, in the broadest sense, is any form of learning adults engage in beyond traditional schooling that ends in their 20s. In the narrowest sense, adult education is about literacy—adults learning to read the most basic materials. Thus, adult education encompasses everything from basic literacy to personal fulfillment as a lifelong learner and the attainment of advanced degrees. Andragogy and Pedagogy Andragogy is defined as the art and science of helping adults learn. Its distinguished from pedagogy,  the school-based education  traditionally used for children. Education for adults has a different focus, based on the fact that adults are: More self-directed and require less guidanceMature and bring more experience to the task of learningReady to learn and primed to learn what they need to knowMore oriented to learning that is problem-centered rather than subject-centeredMore internally motivated to learn Functional Literacy One of the primary goals of adult education is functional literacy. Organizations like the U.S. Department of Education and the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) work tirelessly to measure, understand, and address adult illiteracy in the U.S. and around the world. Only through adult education can we address the real problems of society—like power sharing, wealth creation, gender and health issues. said Adama Ouane, director of the UNESCO Institute for Lifelong Learning. The programs of the Division of Adult Education and Literacy (part of the U.S. Department of Education) focus on addressing basic skills such as reading, writing, math, English language competency, and problem-solving. The goal is for American adults get the basic skills they need to be productive workers, family members, and citizens. Adult Basic Education In the U.S., each state is responsible for addressing the basic education of their citizens. Official state websites direct people to classes, programs, and organizations designed to teach adults how to read prose, documents like maps and catalogs, and how to make simple computations. Getting a GED Adults who complete basic adult education have the opportunity to earn the equivalent of a high school diploma by taking the General Educational Development, or GED, test. The test, available to citizens who have not graduated from high school, gives them the chance to demonstrate the level of achievement normally achieved by completing a course of study in high school. GED prep resources abound online and in classrooms around the country, designed to help students prepare for the five-part exam. The GED comprehensive exams cover writing, science, social studies, math, arts and interpreting literature. Adult Education and Continuing Education Adult education is synonymous with continuing education. The world of lifelong learning is wide open and covers a variety of circumstances including: Going to college for the first time after age 25Returning to college to finish a degreeWorking toward a graduate degreeLearning a technical skillEarning CEUs for professional certificationTaking classes at your local community center for the sheer fun of it

Comer Conjugation in Spanish, Translation, Examples

The Spanish verb comer  means to eat. It is a  regular  -er  verb, so it follows the conjugation pattern of other regular  -er  verbs like  beber  or  barrer.  This article includes  comer  conjugations in the present, past, conditional, and future indicative, the present and past subjunctive, the imperative mood, and other verb forms. Comer Present Indicative Yo como I eat Yo como solo comida saludable. T comes You eat T comes cereal todas las maanas. Usted/l/ella come You/he/she eats Ella come con sus amigas en la cafetera. Nosotros comemos We eat Nosotros comemos carne durante la cena. Vosotros comis You eat Vosotros comis poco para bajar de peso. Ustedes/ellos/ellas comen You/they eat Ellos comen despus de hacer ejercicio. Comer Preterite  Indicative Yo com I ate Yo com solo comida saludable. T comiste You ate T comiste cereal todas las maanas. Usted/l/ella comi You/he/she ate Ella comi con sus amigas en la cafetera. Nosotros comimos We ate Nosotros comimos carne durante la cena. Vosotros comisteis You ate Vosotros comisteis poco para bajar de peso. Ustedes/ellos/ellas comieron You/they ate Ellos comieron despus de hacer ejercicio. Comer Imperfect  Indicative The imperfect indicative tense can be translated to English as used to eat or was eating. Yo coma I used to eat Yo coma solo comida saludable. T comas You used to eat T comas cereal todas las maanas. Usted/l/ella coma You/he/she used to eat Ella coma con sus amigas en la cafetera. Nosotros comamos We used to eat Nosotros comamos carne durante la cena. Vosotros comais You used to eat Vosotros comais poco para bajar de peso. Ustedes/ellos/ellas coman You/they used to eat Ellos coman despus de hacer ejercicio. Comer  Future  Indicative To conjugate the future indicative, begin with the infinitive of the verb (comer) and add the future ending (à ©, à ¡s, à ¡, emos, à ©is, à ¡n). Yo comer I will eat Yo comer solo comida saludable. T comers You will eat T comers cereal todas las maanas. Usted/l/ella comer You/he/she will eat Ella comer con sus amigas en la cafetera. Nosotros comeremos We will eat Nosotros comeremos carne durante la cena. Vosotros comeris You will eat Vosotros comeris poco para bajar de peso. Ustedes/ellos/ellas comern You/they will eat Ellos comern despus de hacer ejercicio. Comer Periphrastic Future  Indicative Yo voy a comer I am going to eat Yo voy a comer solo comida saludable. T vas a comer You are going to eat T vas a comer cereal todas las maanas. Usted/l/ella va a comer You/he/she is going to eat Ella va a comer con sus amigas en la cafetera. Nosotros vamos a comer We are going to eat Nosotros vamos a comer carne durante la cena. Vosotros vais a comer You are going to eat Vosotros vais a comer poco para bajar de peso. Ustedes/ellos/ellas van a comer You/they are going to eat Ellos van a comer despus de hacer ejercicio. Comer Conditional  Indicative The conditional indicative tense is conjugated similarly to the future  tense. Start with the infinitive of the verb (comer) and add the conditional ending (à ­a, à ­as, à ­a, à ­amos, à ­ais, à ­an). Yo comera I would eat Yo comera solo comida saludable si estuviera a dieta. T comeras You would eat T comeras cereal todas las maanas si tuvieras tiempo. Usted/l/ella comera You/he/she would eat Ella comera con sus amigas en la cafetera si llevara almuerzo. Nosotros comeramos We would eat Nosotros comeramos carne durante la cena, pero solo cocinamos verduras. Vosotros comerais You would eat Vosotros comerais poco para bajar de peso, pero es muy difcil. Ustedes/ellos/ellas comeran You/they would eat Ellos comeran despus de hacer ejercicio si alguien les hiciera la comida. Comer Present Progressive/Gerund Form The present participle (gerundio  in Spanish) can be used to form progressive verb forms like the present progressive, or it can be used as an adverb. The present participle for  -er  verbs is formed with the ending  -iendo. Present Progressive of  Comer   està ¡ comiendo  She is eating   Ella està ¡ comiendo con sus amigas en la cafeterà ­a. Comer Past Participle To form compound verb forms, you need the past participle. Some examples of compound verb forms are the  present perfect and the pluperfect. The past participle  can also be used as an adjective or to form the passive voice. The past participle for -er  verbs is  formed with the ending  -ido. Present Perfect of  Comer   ha comido  She has eaten Ella ha comido  con sus amigas en la cafeterà ­a. Comer Present Subjunctive Que yo coma That I eat La doctora quiere que yo coma solo comida saludable. Que t comas That you eat Tu mam espera que t comas cereal todas las maanas. Que usted/l/ella coma That you/he/she eat La maestra sugiere que ella coma con sus amigas en la cafetera. Que nosotros comamos That we eat El cocinero recomienda que nosotros comamos carne durante la cena. Que vosotros comis That you eat El entrenador quiere que vosotros comis poco para bajar de peso. Que ustedes/ellos/ellas coman That you/they eat La nutricionista recomienda que ellos coman despus de hacer ejercicio. Comer Imperfect  Subjunctive The imperfect subjunctive can be conjugated in two different ways. Both options are considered correct. Option 1 Que yo comiera That I ate La doctora quera que yo comiera solo comida saludable. Que t comieras That you ate Tu mam esperaba que t comieras cereal todas las maanas. Que usted/l/ella comiera That you/he/she ate La maestra sugera que ella comiera con sus amigas en la cafetera. Que nosotros comiramos That we ate El cocinero recomendaba que nosotros comiramos carne durante la cena. Que vosotros comierais That you ate El entrenador quera que vosotros comierais poco para bajar de peso. Que ustedes/ellos/ellas comieran That you/they ate La nutricionista recomendaba que ellos comieran despus de hacer ejercicio. Option 2 Que yo comiese That I ate La doctora quera que yo comiese solo comida saludable. Que t comieses That you ate Tu mam esperaba que t comieses cereal todas las maanas. Que usted/l/ella comiese That you/he/she ate La maestra sugera que ella comiese con sus amigas en la cafetera. Que nosotros comisemos That we ate El cocinero recomendaba que nosotros comisemos carne durante la cena. Que vosotros comieseis That you ate El entrenador quera que vosotros comieseis poco para bajar de peso. Que ustedes/ellos/ellas comiesen That you/they ate La nutricionista recomendaba que ellos comiesen despus de hacer ejercicio. Comer Imperative   In order to give direct orders or commands, you need the imperative mood. Below you can find the conjugations for the positive and negative commands, which are slightly different.   Positive Commands T come Eat! Come cereal todas las maanas! Usted coma Eat! Coma con sus amigas en la cafetera! Nosotros comamos Lets eat! Comamos carne durante la cena! Vosotros comed Eat! Comed poco para bajar de peso! Ustedes coman Eat! Coman despus de hacer ejercicio! Negative Commands T no comas Dont eat! No comas cereal todas las maanas! Usted no coma Dont eat! No coma con sus amigas en la cafetera! Nosotros no comamos Lets not eat! No comamos carne durante la cena! Vosotros no comis Dont eat! No comis poco para bajar de peso! Ustedes no coman Dont eat! No coman despus de hacer ejercicio!